Ethereum Foundation Researcher: VOPS and some stateless nodes can reduce storage requirements by 25 times

MeNews · 2026-04-07T15:28:55+00:00

Ethereum Foundation researcher CPerezz introduced the "Partially Stateless Validity-Only Proofs" (VOPS) scheme at the EthCC conference, aiming to reduce Ethereum node storage requirements, support low-resource nodes to participate in transactions, and enhance decentralization security. The scheme updates account tables through state differentials without storing complete contracts, reducing node storage needs by up to 25 times.

MeNews

2026-04-07 15:28:55

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ME News message, April 1 (UTC+8), at EthCC[9], Ethereum Foundation researcher CPerezz presented the “validity-only stateless” scheme (VOPS). He pointed out that the ongoing continuous growth of the Ethereum state has long posed a threat to decentralization, continually raising the storage threshold for running full nodes. With VOPS, nodes only need to store four fields for each externally owned account (EOA): the storage address, Nonce, balance, and a code flag (codeFlag). They do not need to store the full contract code and the storage tree, which can reduce node storage requirements by 25 times.

The scheme uses SNARK proofs generated by Verkle tree multi-proofs or zkVM to verify state transitions, and updates the local account table by using “state diffs” (State Diffs), without executing full block transactions. In addition, VOPS supports nodes with low hardware configurations to maintain the mempool and connect to the FOCIL mechanism, ensuring that ordinary users can participate in transactions. CPerezz believes that VOPS is an intermediate stage on Ethereum’s path toward fully stateless operation, balancing nodes’ ability to self-verify with a low participation threshold. (Source: Foresight News)

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