What is USMCA — The momentum to review the North American trade agreement

The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) is an important international treaty that supports economic integration in North America. In early 2026, Canada and the United States are actively reviewing the contents of this agreement, and their leaders are preparing to begin substantive discussions on trade issues.

Establishment of the USMCA and Its Strategic Position

USMCA is an agreement that came into effect in 2020 as the successor to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which was implemented in 1994. Understanding what kind of agreement USMCA is—serving as the framework for trade rules among the three North American countries—is essential for interpreting current trade negotiations. Transitioning from NAFTA, this agreement was designed to address new challenges such as digital transactions and supply chains, and has functioned as the fundamental framework governing economic relations among the three nations.

Formalization of Intergovernmental Review Talks

Canadian Minister Dominic LeBlanc announced plans to hold a meeting with U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai within a few weeks. By establishing direct dialogue between the responsible officials of both countries, it is expected that they will address ongoing trade issues and consider how to coordinate their economic interests. The initiation of such high-level discussions indicates that the USMCA agreement has entered a stage where operational adjustments are necessary.

Ongoing Efforts to Maintain Stability in the North American Economic Zone

The free trade system among the three North American countries is the result of decades of economic integration, deeply rooted in their industries and labor markets. The current review process is a step to verify whether the USMCA agreement can continue to provide benefits to all parties involved amid changing international economic conditions. Against the backdrop of geopolitical shifts and the realignment of trade strategies, efforts are underway to ensure the stability of the North American economic zone.